Get A History of English: Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to PDF

By Donald Ringe

ISBN-10: 019928413X

ISBN-13: 9780199284139

ISBN-10: 1429491825

ISBN-13: 9781429491822

This ebook is the 1st seeing that 1897 to explain the earliest reconstructable levels of the prehistory of English. It outlines the grammar of Proto-Indo-European, considers the alterations in which one dialect of that prehistoric language constructed into Proto-Germanic, and offers a close account of the grammar of Proto-Germanic. the 1st quantity in Don Ringe's A Linguistic heritage of English should be of relevant curiosity to all students and scholars of comparative Indo-European and Germanic linguistics, the background of English, and ancient linguists. the following quantity will give some thought to the advance of Proto-Germanic into previous English. next volumes will describe the attested background of English from the outdated English interval to the current.

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Extra info for A History of English: Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English)

Example text

G. *po¯´ds ‘foot’), and (b) word-Wnal sonorants other than *-n were sometimes dropped in nom. sg. g. *so´kwh2o¯ ‘companion’ was actually an i-stem, and its nom. sg. ought to have ended in **-oys, as George Cardona reminds me). Also fairly important was a complex of rules called ‘Stang’s Law’, by which word-Wnal */-Vmm/, */-Vwm/, and apparently */-Vh2m/ surfaced as *-V:m, and Wnal */-Vyi/ ! *-V:y; for instance, the acc. sg. of *dom- ‘house’ seems to have been *do¯´m (not ‘*do´mm’; cf. also the acc.

Comrie 1976). Since the present tense by deWnition includes the time of speaking, which imposes internal structure on the event, the aorist stem could have no present tense (*bhu´h2t ‘it became’, *gwe´md ‘(s)he took a step’, *lukto´ ‘it got light’, *mrto´ ‘(s)he disappeared / died’, *we¯´g´hst ‘(s)he transported (it)’, ˚ *we´wked ‘(s)he said’). e. taking repeated steps—see above], *g´nh3sk´ e´ti ‘(s)he ˚ h recognizes’ [habitual], *h2e´g´eti ‘(s)he’s driving (them)’, *b ine´dst ‘(s)he tried to split (it)’, *bhore´yeti ‘(s)he’s carrying (it) around’, *spe´k´ yed ‘(s)he kept looking at (it)’).

There are obvious similarities between the primary, secondary, and imperative endings. Since the relations were somewhat diVerent in the active and the mediopassive, I discuss them separately in that order. Except in the 2du. , which are puzzling, and excluding the 2sg. imperative (see below), it is clear that the active secondary endings were the ‘basic’ members of the paradigm. In the sg. , the primary endings were normally derived from the secondary endings by the addition of the ‘hicet-nunc’ particle *-i.

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